Examples of governance indicators and their sources
Set out below is an illustrative table of governance indicators and their sources that might be included in a mapping of governance indicators in a country.
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Possible governance dimensions
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Possible indicators
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Possible sources and underlying data
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Access to justice
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Security of tenure of the judiciary and its access to resources
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Ministry of justice data
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Equality in access to justice (access to legal representation, fair trial/due process, etc.)
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NGO data, court records, police records, prison records
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Confidence in the legal system amongst citizens
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Public surveys
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Existence of political terror, unjustified imprisonment, exile, or torture
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NGO data, police records, hospital records
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Trust in the police amongst citizens
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Public surveys
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Warden/prisoner density
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Prison records
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Period of time pre-trial detainees (remand prisoners) in prisons
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Prison and court records
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Number of deaths in prison as a result of poor nutrition
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Prison records
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Security
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Control of the military (civilian and democratic control or otherwise)
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Analysis of accountability structures in the military chain of command
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Existence of institutions to manage, prevent or resolve conflicts
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Analysis of institutions with a mandate to resolve/mediate conflict
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Police/population density
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Police and census records
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Promotion and protection of human rights
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Reported human rights abuses
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NGO data, police records
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Regularity and quality of country reporting to treaty bodies
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Analysis of treaty reports
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Discrimination against minority groups
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Official records, NGO data, media reports, surveys
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Discrimination against women
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Official records, NGO data, media reports, surveys
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Access to social security and employment
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Employment data
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Access to education
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Ministry of education records
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Corruption
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Laws and regulations relating to public procurement and existence of financial management and information systems
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Analysis of laws
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Laws related to declaration of assets
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Analysis of laws
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Existence of auditing and investigative bodies that function without impediment or political pressure or influence
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NGO data, media reports
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Training programmes for law enforcement officers to detect corruption
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Data from relevant ministries
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Existence of laws to prosecute corruption
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Analysis of laws
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Perceptions of corruption amongst citizens
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Public surveys
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Perceptions of corruption amongst firms
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Firm surveys
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Decentralized local governance
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Participation of local communities in local government decision-making processes
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Community surveys, analysis of local government proceedings rules, media reports
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Provision of public goods and services
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Public satisfaction surveys, citizen reports cards
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Confidence in local government.
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Public surveys
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Access to information
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Independence of the media
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NGO data on government censorship laws and practice, revenue sources for the media
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Attacks on journalists
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NGO data, media reports, police records
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Freedom of official/public information legislation
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Survey of laws
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Presence of an information management system for government departments and ministries
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Survey of government officials
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Electoral systems and processes, including political parties
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Existence of universal adult suffrage
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Analysis of laws, including voting regulations
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Free and fair elections as judged by national CSOs and international observers
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Analysis of international reports
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Independent electoral commission
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Registration and formation processes for political parties
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NGO data, media reports, analysis of laws
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Registration processes for voters
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Analysis of regulations, public surveys, NGO data
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Financing of political parties
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Analysis of regulations, NGO data, media reports
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Political parties' access to the public through the media and ability to openly campaign
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Surveys of political parties, analysis of media reports
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Functioning and representative parliament
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Composition of parliament reflects social composition of the electorate
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Voters' registrars, census data, analysis of composition of parliamentarians
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Opportunities for CSOs and citizens to comment on and influence pending policies or legislation
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NGO reports
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Accessibility of the proceedings of parliament and the reports of its various committees to the public
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Analysis of proceedings rules, CSO data
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Effective functioning of parliamentary committees
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Survey of parliamentarians
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Separation of powers between parliament and the executive
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Analysis of laws
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Civil society
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Legal framework for free association and formation of NGOs and unions
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Analysis of laws, NGO surveys, media reports.
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