This handbook provides long-term election observers (LTOs) with an overview of their role, duties, and responsibilities in the specific context of election observation as conducted by the OSCE’s Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR). Its topics comprise: quick-start information for LTOs, the role of LTOs in observing elections, LTOs reporting, preparing for short-term election observers, administration and finance, and the role of LTOs in closing down a mission.